Timeline of Art History Stone Age to Renaissance Timeline of Art Stone Age to Renaissance

As long as nosotros humans have been able to use our hands, nosotros have been creating art. From early cave paintings to the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, human being artistic expression can tell us a lot nearly the lives of the people who create information technology. To fully appreciate the cultural, social, and historical significance of different artworks, you need to be aware of the broad art history timeline. This article presents an overview of many significant eras of fine art creation and the historical contexts out of which they have risen.

Table of Contents

• 1 Art Eras: Where to Begin?
• ii A Brief Overview of the Fine art Periods Timeline
• 3 A Comprehensive Fine art Movement Timeline
  • 3.one The Romanesque Period (1000-1300): Sharing Data Through Fine art
  • iii.two The Gothic Era (1100-1500): Liberty and Fear Come Together
  • 3.3 The Renaissance Era (1420-1520): The Reawakening of an Art Era That Never Actually Existed
  • iii.4 Mannerism (1520-1600): A Window into the Future of Kitsch
  • iii.5 The Baroque Era (1590-1760): The Glorification of Power and the Deception of the Heart
  • three.6 The Rococo Art Period (1725-1780): Light and Blusterous, a French Fancy
  • 3.7 Classicism (1770-1840): Throwing It Back to Classic Times
  • 3.8 Romanticism (1790-1850): A Pause from the Severity of it All
  • 3.nine Realism (1850-1925): Objectivity over Subjectivity
  • 3.ten Impressionism (1850-1895): Heralding the Era of Modern Fine art
  • 3.eleven Symbolism (1890-1920): At that place is Always More Than Meets the Heart
  • 3.12 Art Nouveau (1890-1910): The Pure Aureate of Gustav Klimt
  • 3.thirteen Expressionism (1890-1914): Bringing a Political Edge to the Debate
  • iii.14 Cubism (1906-1914): Breaking Things Apart and Putting Them Dorsum Together Again
  • 3.fifteen Futurism (1909-1945): Artistic Anarchism
  • 3.xvi Dadaism (1912-1920): The True Reality That Life is Nonsense
  • 3.17 Surrealism (1920-1930): Things But Get More Bizzare
  • iii.18 The New Objectivity (1925-1965): Cold and Technical
  • iii.19 Abstract Expressionism (1948-1962): Stepping Away from Europe
  • 3.20 Pop-Fine art (1955-1969): Fine art is Everything
  • 3.21 Neo-Expressionism (1980-1989): Mod Art

Art Eras: Where to Begin?

As long as humankind has been conscious of itself, it has been creating art to stand for this cocky. The earliest cavern paintings that we are aware of were created roughly forty,000 years agone. We have found paintings and drawings of man action from the Paleolithic Era under rocks and in caves. We cannot truly know the reason why these early humans began to produce art. Perhaps painting and drawing were a way to record their lived experiences, to tell stories to immature children, or to laissez passer downwardly wisdom from ane generation to the next.

These prehistoric rock paintings are in Manda Guéli Cavern in the Ennedi Mountains, Chad, Central Africa. Camels have been painted over before images of cattle, maybe reflecting climatic changes;David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada, CC By ii.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Although nosotros accept these exquisite examples of early artistic expression, the official history of art periods only begins with the Romanesque Era. Official fine art era timelines practise not include cave paintings, sculptures, and other works of art from the rock age or the beautiful frescos produced in Egypt and Crete in effectually 2000 BC. The reason behind this decision is that these early eras of artistic expression were bound to a relatively small geographical infinite. The official art eras that nosotros volition be discussing today, in dissimilarity, span across many countries, oftentimes all of Europe and sometimes Due north and Due south America.

Despite their lack of official recognition, these earliest examples of human artistic flair enhance a lot of interesting questions. Why is it that the animals depicted in cave paintings are so much more realistic and vivid than the animals represented in later eras?

This article hopes to give you some insight into the e'er-irresolute artistic style of the man artistic listen equally nosotros explore the complexities of the different art periods.

A Brief Overview of the Art Periods Timeline

Every bit with many areas of human history, it is impossible to delineate the different art periods with precision. The dates presented in the brackets below are approximations based on the progression of each motion across several countries. Many of the art periods overlap considerably, with some of the more recent eras occurring at the same fourth dimension. Some eras last for a few chiliad years while others bridge less than ten. Art is a continuous process of exploration, where more contempo periods grow out of existing ones.

Art Period	Years
Romanesque	one thousand – 1150
Gothic	1140 – 1600
Renaissance	1495 – 1527
Mannerism	1520 – 1600
Bizarre	1600 – 1725
Rococo	1720 – 1760
Neoclassicism	1770 – 1840
Romanticism	1800 – 1850
Realism	1840 – 1870
Pre-Raphaelite	1848 – 1854
Impressionism	1870 – 1900
Naturalism	1880 – 1900
Post-Impressionism	1880 – 1920
Symbolism	1880 – 1910
Expressionism	1890 – 1939
Art Noveau	1895 – 1915
Cubism	1905 – 1939
Futurism	1909 – 1918
Dadaism	1912 – 1923
New Objectivity	1918 – 1933
Precisionism	1920 – 1950
Art Deco	1920 – 1935
Bauhaus	1920 – 1925
Surrealism	1924 – 1945
Abstruse Expressionism	1945 – 1960
Popular-Art / Op Art	1956 – 1969
Arte Povera	1960 – 1969
Minimalism	1960 – 1975
Photorealism	1968 – now
Lowbrow Pop Surrealism	1970 – at present
Contemporary Art	1978 – at present

Information technology may seem strange for our account of the art menstruum timeline to terminate 30 years agone. The concept of an art era seems inadequate to capture the multifariousness of artistic styles that have grown since the plough of the 21st Century. At that place is a feeling amid some art historians that the traditional concept of painting has died in our era of fast-track living. We do non have this stance. Instead, we continue to share our unique human experiences through the medium of art, just equally the cave people did, outside of our mod system of nomenclature.

Biergarten (c. 1915) by Max Liebermann;Max Liebermann, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

A Comprehensive Art Movement Timeline

It is fourth dimension to dive a little deeper into the social, cultural, and historical contexts of each of the distinct fine art eras we presented above. Y'all will see how many eras take influence from those before them. Fine art, like man consciousness, is continuously evolving. It is also important to note that this fine art timeline is a history of Western and predominantly European art.

The Romanesque Menstruum (1000-1300): Sharing Information Through Fine art

Art historians typically consider the Romanesque art era to exist the starting time of the art history timeline. Romanesque art developed during the rise of Christianity ca. 1000 AD. During this fourth dimension, only a small percentage of the European population were literate. The ministers of the Christian church building were typically part of this minority, and to spread the bulletin of the bible, they needed an alternative method.

Christian objects, stories, deities, saints, and ceremonies were the exclusive field of study of most Romanesque paintings. Intended to teach the masses about the values and behavior of the Christian Church, Romanesque paintings had to be simple and easy to read.

As a effect, Romanesque works of fine art are unproblematic, with assuming contours and clean areas of color. Romanesque paintings lack any depth of perspective, and the imagery is rarely of natural scenes. In that location were several different forms that Romanesque paintings could take, including wall paintings, mosaics, panel paintings, and book paintings.

Due to the Christian purpose behind Romanesque paintings, they are about always symbolic. The relative importance of the figures inside the paintings is shown by the size, with the more important figures actualization much larger. Yous can see that man faces are often distorted, and the stories depicted in these paintings tend to have a high emotional value. Romanesque paintings often include mythological creatures like dragons and angels, and nigh ever announced in churches.

At the virtually fundamental level, paintings of the Romanesque flow serve the purpose of spreading the discussion of the bible and Christianity. The proper noun of this art era stems from round arches used in Roman architecture, often found in churches of the time.

Altar frontal from Avià, c. 1200; Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The Gothic Era (1100-1500): Freedom and Fear Come Together

Ane of the near famous eras, Gothic art grew out of the Romanesque menstruum in France and is an expression of two contrasting feelings of the age. On the one paw, people were experiencing and jubilant a new level of freedom of thought and religious agreement. On the other, there was a fear that the world was coming to an end. Yous can clearly encounter the expression of these 2 contrasting tensions within the fine art of the Gothic period.

Just as in the Romanesque period, Christianity lay at the center of the tensions of the Gothic era. Every bit more liberty of thought emerged, and many pushed against conformity, the subjects of paintings became more various. The stronghold of the church began to dissipate.

Gothic paintings portrayed scenes of real homo life, such every bit working in the fields and hunting. The focus moved away from divine beings and mystical creatures as more focus was given to the intricacies of what it meant to be man.

Human being figures received a lot more attention during the Gothic period. Gothic artists fleshed out more realistic homo faces as they became more than private, less two-dimensional, and less inanimate. The development of a three-dimensional perspective is thought to have facilitated this alter. Painters also paid more than attention to things of personal value similar vesture, which they painted realistically with cute folds.

The Raising of Lazarus(1310-1311) by Duccio di Buoninsegna;Duccio di Buoninsegna, Public domain, via Wikimedia Eatables

Many historians believe that role of the reason why the subjects of art became more than various during the Gothic era was due to the increased surface expanse for painting within churches. Gothic churches were more expansive than those of the Romanesque menses, which is thought to represent the increased feelings of freedom at this time.

Alongside the newfound liberty of creative expression, in that location was a deep fear that the stop of the world was coming. It is suggested that this was accompanied by a gradual decline in faith in the church, and this in turn may take spurred the expansion of fine art outside of the church building. In fact, towards the end of the Gothic era, works by Hieronymus von Bosch, Breughel, and others were unsuitable for placement within a church building.

Nosotros exercise not know many private artists who painted in the Romanesque menstruation, as art was not about who painted information technology just rather the message it carried. Thus, the move away from the church can as well be seen in the enormous increase in known artists from the Gothic period, including Giotto di Bondone. Schools of fine art began to emerge throughout France, Italy, Frg, the Netherlands, and other parts of Europe.

The Renaissance Era (1420-1520): The Reawakening of an Art Era That Never Really Existed

The Renaissance era is mayhap one of the most well-known, featuring artists like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. This era connected to focus on the individual human as its inspiration and took influence from the art and philosophy of the ancient Romans and Greeks. The Renaissance can exist seen as a cultural rebirth.

A role of this cultural rebirth was the returned focus on the natural and realistic world in which humans lived. The three-dimensional perspective became even more of import to the art of the Renaissance, equally is aptly demonstrated by Michelangelo'south statue ofDavid.This statue harkened back to the works of the ancient Greeks as it was consciously created to exist seen from all angles. Statues of the last two eras had been two-dimensional, intended to exist viewed simply from the front.

Michelangelo's David (1501-1504); Livioandronico2013, CC BY-SA iv.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The aforementioned three-dimensional perspective carried over into the paintings of the Renaissance era. Frescos that were invented around 3000 years prior were given new life by Renaissance painters. Scenes became more complex, and the representation of humans became much more than nuanced. Renaissance artists painted human bodies and faces in three dimensions with a strong emphasis on realism. The paint used during the Renaissance flow also represented a shift from tempera paints to oil paints. The Renaissance menstruum is often credited as the very outset of great Dutch landscape paintings.

Mannerism (1520-1600): A Window into the Futurity of Kitsch

Of course, this heading is partly in jest. Not all of the art produced in this era is what we would empathize today every bit "kitsch". What we understand kitsch to mean today is often artificial, cheaply made, and without much 'classic' gustation. Instead, the reason we describe the art of this period equally being kitsch is due to the relative over-exaggeration that characterized it. Stemming from the newfound freedom of human expression in the Renaissance period, artists began to explore their own unique and individual creative fashion, or fashion.

Michelangelo himself, in fact, is not free from the exaggeration that distinguishes this era. Some art historians do not consider some of his afterwards paintings to be works of the Renaissance menstruation. The expression of feelings and human gestures, even items of article of clothing, is exaggerated deliberately in mannerist paintings.

The small S-curve of the human being torso that characterizes the Renaissance style is transformed into an unnatural angle of the trunk. This is the beginning European way that attracted artists from across Europe to its birthplace in Italia.

Madonna with Long Neck (1534-1540) past Parmigianino;Parmigianino, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The Baroque Era (1590-1760): The Glorification of Power and the Charade of the Eye

The progression of art jubilant the lives of humans over the power of the divine continued into the Bizarre era. Kings, princes, and even popes began to prefer to see their own power and prestige historic through art than that of God. The over-exaggeration that classified Mannerism also continued into the Baroque period, with the scenes of paintings condign increasingly unrealistic and magnificent.

Baroque paintings often showed scenes where Kings would be ascending into the heavens, mingling with the angels, and reaching ever closer to the divinity and power of God. Hither, nosotros really can come across the progression of man self-importance, and although the subject matter does not motion abroad entirely from religious symbolism, man is increasingly the fundamental power within the compositions.

New materials that glorify wealth and status like gold and marble become the prized materials for sculptures. Opposites of light and night, warm and common cold colors, and symbols of expert and evil are emphasized beyond what is naturally occurring. Art academies increased in their numbers, as art became a way to display your wealth, ability, and status.

Baroque ceiling frescoes of Cathedral in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Piece of work of Italian chief Giulio Quaglio in 1703–1706 and later 1721–1723;Petar Milošević, CC By-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The Rococo Art Period (1725-1780): Light and Blusterous, a French Fancy

The paintings from the Rococo era are typical of the French aristocracy of the fourth dimension. The proper name stems from the French give-and-take rocaille which means "shellwork". The solid forms which characterized the Bizarre period softened into light, air, and want. Paintings of this era were no longer strong and powerful, merely calorie-free and playful.

The colors were lighter and brighter, almost transparent in some instances. Many pieces of art from this flow neglected religious themes, although some artists like Tiepolo did create frescos in many churches.

Much like the attitude of the French aristocracy of the time, the art of the Rococo period is totally removed from the social reality. The shepherd's idyll became the theme of this period, representing life as light and carefree, without the constraints of economical or social hardship.

Classicism (1770-1840): Throwing It Dorsum to Classic Times

Classicism, like the Rococo era, began in France in around 1770. In contrast to the Rococo era, still, Classism reverted to earlier, more than serious styles of artistic expression. Much like the Renaissance period, Classisim took inspiration from classic Roman and Greek fine art.

The art created in the Classicism era reverted to strict forms, two-dimensional colors, and man figures. The tone of these paintings was undoubtedly strict. Colors lost their symbolism. The art produced in this era was used internationally to instill feelings of patriotism in the people of each nation. Parts of Classicism include Louis-Sieze, Empire, and Biedermeier.

A Babyhood Idyll (1900) by William Bouguereau;William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Romanticism (1790-1850): A Break from the Severity of it All

You can see from the dates that this fine art era occurred at around the aforementioned time as Classicism. Romanticism is often seen as an emotionally charged reaction to the stern nature of Classicism. In contrast to the strict and realistic nature of the Classicism era, the paintings of the Romantic era were much more sentimental.

The exploration of the intangible; emotions and the subconscious, took centre-stage. Around this time, people began to go hiking in an attempt to explore the natural earth. It was not, notwithstanding, the truthful reality of the natural world which they intended to discover, only the way information technology made them feel.

There is no tangible or precisely determinable style to the art of the Romanticism menstruum. English language and French painters tended to focus on the effects of shadows and lights, while the art produced past German painters tended to have more gravity of thought to them. The Romantic painters were oftentimes criticized and even mocked for their interpretation of the world around them.

Realism (1850-1925): Objectivity over Subjectivity

As the Romanticism era was a reactionary movement to the Classicism period before it, so is Realism a reaction to Romanticism. In contrast to the beautiful and deeply emotional content of Romantic paintings, Realist artists presented both the good and beautiful, the ugly and evil. The reality of the world is presented in an unembellished fashion by Realism painters.

These artists attempt to evidence the world, people, nature, and animals, every bit they truly are. There is a focus on the "obligation of art into truth" equally Gustave Courbet puts it.

Merely as with Romanticism, Realism was not popular with everyone. The paintings are non particularly pleasing to the middle and some critics have commented that despite the artist's claims of realism, erotic scenes somehow miss the existent eroticism. Goethe criticizes Realism, proverb that art should be platonic, non realistic. Schiller too calls Realism "mean," indicating the harshness that many of the paintings portray.

Proudhon and His Children(1865) by Gustave Courbet; Gustave Courbet, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Impressionism (1850-1895): Heralding the Era of Modern Art

Historians ofttimes pigment the Impressionist motility every bit the beginning of the modern age. Impressionist fine art is said to accept airtight the book on classical music and other classical forms of fine art. Impressionism is too mayhap, after Cubism, one of the most easily recognizable art periods. Featuring artists like Claude Monet and Vincent van Gough, Impressionism broke away from the smooth brush strokes and areas of solid colour that characterized many fine art periods earlier it.

Initially, the word Impressionism was like a swear word in the fine art globe, with critics believing that these artists did non paint with technique, simply rather simply smeared paint onto a canvas. The brushstrokes indeed were a significant departure from those that came before them, sometimes condign furiously wild. Singled-out shapes and lines disappeared into a whirlwind of colors. Individual dots of completely new colors were put together, especially in the pointillism variety of Impressionist paintings. The subjects of Impressionist paintings could often only be recognized from a distance.

View of Vetheuil sur Seine(1880) by Claude Monet;Claude Monet, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

A significant change that occurred during the Impressionist era was that painting began to accept place "en-plein-air," or outside. Much of the Impressionist creative person'southward ability to capture the complex and ever-changing colors of the natural globe were a upshot of this shift.

Impressionist artists also began to motility away from the desire to lecture and teach, preferring to create art for fine art'southward sake. Galleries and international exhibitions became increasingly important.

Symbolism (1890-1920): There is Always More than Than Meets the Heart

During this period, the era of Symbolism began to have hold in France. Artists became preoccupied with the representation of feelings and thoughts through objects. The favorite themes of the Symbolism move were death, sickness, sin, and passion. The forms were by and large articulate, a fact which art historians believe was anticipating the Art Nouveau era.

Art Nouveau (1890-1910): The Pure Gold of Gustav Klimt

Although Gustav Klimt was past no ways the near important artist in the Art Nouveau movement, he is one of the virtually well-known. His fashion perfectly encapsulates the Art Nouveau move with soft, curved lines, lots of florals, and the stylistic characterization of homo figures. In many countries, this mode is known as the Secession style.

The Kiss (1907-1908) past Gustav Klimt;Gustav Klimt, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The fine art produced in the Art Nouveau menses includes a lot of symmetry and is characterized by playfulness and youthfulness. Art Nouveau has a lot of political content, although many critics ignore this and agree the decorative aspects against information technology. Through the art of the Art Nouveau period, artists attempted to bring nature back into industrial cities.

Expressionism (1890-1914): Bringing a Political Edge to the Argue

In the Expressionism art era, we in one case once more run into a resurgence of the importance of the expression of subjective feelings. The artists within this motility were not interested in naturalism or what things look like on the outside. As a result, in that location is a certain tinge of aggression in some Expressionist paintings, which are often archaic and slightly wild.

Expressionism originated in Federal republic of germany and is intended to dissimilarity Impressionism. Towards the beginning of the First World State of war, Expressionist paintings had a disturbing intensity about them. Intended to criticize power and the standing social order, Expressionism spread these political ideas through the medium of paint. Art was beginning to go political.

Cubism (1906-1914): Breaking Things Autonomously and Putting Them Dorsum Together Again

Commencement with two artists, Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, the Cubist motility was all about fragmentation, geometric shapes, and multiple perspectives. The dimensional planes of everyday objects were broken down into different geometric segments and put back together in a fashion that presented the object from multiple sides simultaneously.

Cubism was a rejection of all the rules of traditional western painting and has had a strong influence on the styles of art that have followed it.

Guitar and Spectacles (1912) past Juan Gris;Juan Gris, Public domain, via Wikimedia Eatables

Futurism (1909-1945): Creative Riot

Futurism is less of an artistic mode and more of an artistically inspired political move. Founded past Tommaso Marinetti'southwardFuturist Manifesto, which rejected social organization and Christian morality, the Futurist era was total of chaos, hostility, aggression, and anger. Although Marinetti was not a painter himself, painting became the most prominent form of art inside the Futurist movement.

These artists vehemently rejected the rules of Classical painting, assertive that everything that was passed through generations (beliefs, traditions, religion) was suspicious and dangerous. The militant nature of the Futurist movement has resulted in many people believing that information technology was also close to fascism.

Dadaism (1912-1920): The True Reality That Life is Nonsense

Dada means a slap-up many things and nothing at all. The writer Hugo Ball discovered that this modest give-and-take has several unlike meanings in different languages and at the same time, as a word, it meant cypher at all. The Dadaism movement is based on the concepts of illogic and provocation and was seen as non only an art motility, but an anti-war move.

The illogic of existing rules, norms, traditions, and values was called into question past the Dadaist motility. The art motion encompassed several art forms including writing, verse, dance, and functioning fine art. Office of the motion was to call into question what could exist classified as "fine art".

Dadaism represents the ancestry of action art in which painting becomes more only a portrait of reality, just rather an affiliation of the social, cultural, and subjective parts of existence human being.

Surrealism (1920-1930): Things Just Get More than Bizzare

Equally if the pure illogic nature of the Dadaism move was not outlandish plenty, the Surrealists took the dream earth to exist the fountain of all truth. One of the about famous Surrealist artists is Salvador Dali, and you are bound to know his painting Melting Watch (1954).

Surrealism is fundamentally psychoanalytical, and many Surrealist artists would paint direct from their dreams. Sometimes dealing with uncomfortable concepts, hidden desires, and taboos, Surrealism was a direct critique of the ingrained ideas and beliefs of the bourgeoise. Equally you lot tin imagine, this style of art was not popular when it began, but information technology has greatly influenced the earth of modern art.

Space and time (in homage to L.Five. Beethoven) (1974) past Italian painter William Girometti;William Girometti, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Eatables

The New Objectivity (1925-1965): Cold and Technical

As the surrealists were attempting to motility abroad from the world of physical, concrete, and visible objects, the New Objectivity move turned towards these ideas. Many of the themes within New Objective art were social critiques. The turbulence of the war left many people searching for some kind of order to concur onto, and this can be seen conspicuously in the art of New Objectivity.

The images represented in New Objectivity were often cold, unemotional, and technical, with some favorite subjects being the radio and lightbulbs. As is the case with many mod movements in art, there were several unlike wings to the New Objectivity movement.

Abstract Expressionism (1948-1962): Stepping Abroad from Europe

Abstract Expressionism is said to be the beginning art movement to originate outside of Europe. Emerging from Due north America, Abstract Expressionism focused on color-field painting and action paintings. Rather than using a sheet and a brush, buckets of paint would exist poured on the footing, and artists used their fingers to create images.

With well-known artists like Marc Tobey and Jackson Pollock, this art move was distinct from any that came earlier information technology. The application of the paint was sometimes so thick that the finished piece would have on a form different any painting before it. Abstruse Expressionism spread throughout Europe. As with all art, in that location are always critics, with bourgeois Americans during the cold war calling it "un-American."

Pop-Art (1955-1969): Fine art is Everything

For the artists of Pop-Art, everything in the globe was fine art. From advertisements, tin cans, toothpaste, and toilets,everythingis art. Pop-Art developed simultaneously in the United states of america and England and is characterized past compatible blocks of color and clear lines and contours. Painting and graphic art became influenced by photorealism and serial prints. 1 of the most famous English language Pop artists is David Hockney, although only a few of his lifetime paintings were in this movement.

A detail of Roy Lichtenstein'southward Wall Explosion Ii, 1965; Colin McLaughlin, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Neo-Expressionism (1980-1989): Modern Art

Starting in the 1980s, Neo-Expressionism emerged with large-format representational and life-affirming paintings. Berlin was a central point for this new move, and the designs typically featured cities and big-city life. The name Neo-Expressionism emerged from Fauvism, and although the artists in Berlin disbanded in 1989, some artists continued to pigment in this style in New York.

Art is a key function of what it means to exist human. Many of the troubles and joys we experience can only be captured accurately through artistic expression. We hope that this short summary of the fine art periods timeline has helped yous gain some more than insight into the contexts surrounding some of the virtually famous works of art created by the human race.

Nosotros've also created a web story nigh art periods.

phillipsristraid1999.blogspot.com

Source: https://artincontext.org/art-periods/

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